Ko te ipu PV he ipu kei roto ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha photovoltaic (PV), ā, ka taea te nekeneke. Kei roto i te ipu PV ngā panera, ngā whakapiringa, te pūnaha waea, ngā pākahiko, me ētahi atu wāhanga. Ko te painga matua o te ipu PV ko te whakarato i ngā pūnaha whakaputa hiko pūngao rā e wātea ana, e ngāwari ana te kawe me te whakatū ki tētahi wāhi e hiahiatia ana.
I te pikinga ake o te hiahia mō te pūngao hou, ka tino manakohia te whakamahinga o ngā ipu PV i ngā papa hangahanga, i te maina, i ngā mahi awhina ā-whawhai, i ngā turanga hōia, me ngā wāhi tūmatanui.
Me pēhea te mahi a te ipu PV?
E kitea ana i tōna āhua o waho, kāore he rerekētanga o te ipu PV i te ipu tuku noa. Engari i roto i tōna anga me tōna waho, ka whakauruhia ngā taputapu katoa e hiahiatia ana mō te whakaputa hiko o te rā.
Ko ētahi o ēnei:
- Paewhiri PV solar
- Ngā pūnaha whakairinga ka taea te whakatakoto
- Pūtahurahu
- Ngā waeine pouaka whakakotahi
- Te punaha tirotiro
- Ngā pākahiko (mēnā kei reira)
- Pūnaha whakahaere mana
I muri i te tukunga mai, kua rite ngā panera rā mō te whakatuwhera, te whakatakoto rānei ki te taha o te ipu. Ka hopukina e ēnei te pūngao o te rā, ka hurihia hei hiko e te kaitahuri hiko. Ina wātea ngā pākahiko, ka rongoatia te pūngao tāpiri ki reira mō te kai i te pō.
Ko te tikanga o tēnei whakaritenga ka taea te kawe i te pūnaha mā te whakamahi i ngā ratonga kaipuke noa.
Ngā momo ipu PV
Kāore i te hangaia ngā pūnaha ipu pūngao rā katoa mō ngā momo whakamahinga ōrite. I te nuinga o te wā, e toru ngā momo matua o aua pūnaha.
1. Ngā Ipu Hiko Pūngao Rā Kawe
He tere te tāutanga me te kawe i ēnei pūnaha. Ka tāutahia ngā panera i roto i ētahi haora noa iho, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau i roto i ngā kaupapa rangitahi.
Hei tauira:
- Nga waahi hanga
- Nga mahi whakaora aituā
- Ngā whakaaturanga me ētahi atu huihuinga
- Ngā mahi e pā ana ki te ope taua
2. Ipu Hiko Pūngao Rā me ngā Pūhiko
Kei roto i tēnei momo hangarau ngā tāutanga photovoltaic me ngā taputapu rokiroki pūngao i roto i te ahua o ngā pākahiko.
Ngā painga:
- Te tuku mana tonu
- He iti ake ngā whakamahinga o ngā miihini whakaputa hinu tīhiera
- Te mana motuhake
- Whakapumautanga matiti
I tēnei wā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā pākahiko lithium rino phosphate (LiFePO4) nā te mea he roa te huringa o te ora me te pono.
3. Ngā Ipu Hiko Pūngao Rā Ranu
Ko te whakaaro matua o tēnei pūnaha he whakauru i ngā photovoltaics, te rokiroki pūngao, me te tautoko i ngā whakaputa hiko.
Ko nga kaiwhakamahi angamaheni ko:
- Ngā kaupapa keri i ngā wāhi tūmatanui
- Ngā pokapū whakawhitiwhiti kōrero
- Ngā hapori moutere iti
- Nga kaupapa whanaketanga hangahanga
Ngā Painga o ngā Ipu PV
He tika te angitu o ngā ipu PV, nā te mea he maha ngā raruraru kua whakatauhia e ngā ipu PV mō ngā pūnaha pūngao rā tuku iho.
Te Tukunga Tere
E hia ngā marama ka roa ki te hoahoa me te tāuta i tētahi pāmu pūngao rā tuku iho, engari ka taea e ngā ipu PV te whakamahi i roto i te kotahi rā noa iho.
Te Kawe Māmā
Ka māmā ake te kawe waka nā te iti me te āhua ngāwari o ngā ipu PV.
Whakaitihia nga utu whakauru
Nā te mea kua oti kē te huihui i ngā kōwae katoa i mua, ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō te hanganga i te papaanga.
Tuhinga
I te tipu haere o ngā hiahia mō te pūngao, ka tāpirihia pea ngā ipu PV ki tētahi pūnaha o nāianei.
Hanganga Pungao Tauwhiro
Ka whai wāhi ngā ipu PV ki te whakaputa pūngao pumau mā te whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi kāore e taea te whakahou.
Ngā Pūngao Mana Noa
Ka rerekē te kaha o tētahi ipu PV i runga i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa.
| Momo Ipu | Raukaha Solar | pūhiko Raukaha |
|---|---|---|
| Wāhanga Pūkoro Iti | 10–30 kW | 20–100 kWh |
| Wāhanga Tauhokohoko Waenga | 30–100 kW | 100–500 kWh |
| Wāhanga Ahumahi Nui | 100–500 kW+ | 500 kWh–2 MWh+ |
Ka taea e ētahi ipu pūngao rā matatau te whakatakoto i ngā rau mita pūrua o ngā kōwae pūngao rā, ā, ka taea tonu te kawe.
Whakamahinga Ao-Tuturu
Ngā Mahi Keri mai i Tawhiti
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā kaiwhakahaere maina ngā miihini whakaputa hinu tīhi mō ngā mahi maina mamao. Tērā pea he wāhanga utu nui o ngā mahi te kawe wahie tīhi.
Ka whakaitihia e te ipu PV te whakamahinga wahie tīhiera mā te 30%-70%, i runga i te nui o te rā e wātea ana.
Āwhina Āhuatanga Kino
Whai muri i ngā āhuatanga kino o te taiao, ka pakaru pea ngā pūnaha hiko. Mā ngā ipu hiko pūngao e tuku te hiko tere ki:
- hōhipera
- Ngā whare noho rangitahi
- Communications
- Ngā mīhini maimoatanga wai
- Nga ratonga waea
Me whai hiko pono ngā pourewa waea e mahi ana i ngā wāhi tawhiti. He pai rawa atu ngā ipu hiko pūngao rā mō tēnei āhuatanga.
Te Hiko i te Taiwhenua
Kāore i te katoa o ngā wāhi o te ao e whiwhi hiko pono ana mā roto i ā rātou whatunga hiko. Ka taea e ngā ipu hiko pūngao rā te whakarato hiko ma me te iti o ngā hanganga.
Te Tāutanga Ipu PV me te Tāutanga Pūngao Rā Tuku Iho
| Āhuahira | Ipu PV | Pūnaha Rā Tuku Iho |
|---|---|---|
| Mobility | Tino Hāngai | Uka |
| Wā Whakamahinga | Haora haora ki nga Ra | Nga Wiki ki nga Marama |
| Te Kawemai | pai | Whakamutunga |
| Te Whakanuia Ngawari | Tino Hāngai | He āhua |
| Whakarite Pae | Te iti | He maha ngā wā whānui |
| He pai mo nga waahi mamao | Āe | I te tahi taime |
Ahakoa ko ngā tipu hiko pūngao rā tuku iho te mea pai rawa atu mō ngā kaupapa nui tuturu, he tino ngāwari ngā ipu PV mō ngā tono pūkoro me ngā tono mamao.
Ngā Take Hira mō te Kōwhiri i tētahi Ipu PV
I mua i te hoko i tētahi ipu PV, he maha ngā āhuatanga hei whakaaroaro māu, tae atu ki:
- Ngā whakaritenga e hiahiatia ana mō te mana
- Ngā whakaritenga whakamahinga pūngao mō ia rā
- Wāhi tāutanga e wātea ana
- Ngā whakaritenga rokiroki pākahiko
- Climate
- Ngā herenga mō te kawe waka
- Ko nga whakaaro whakawhanui a meake nei
Ko te hapa i kitea e au i roto i ētahi pūnaha kore-whatunga ko te whakatau i runga i ngā whakaritenga hiko anake. He mea nui anō hoki te whakamahinga pūngao puta noa i te rā. Mā te kaha tika o te pākahiko ka whakatau mēnā ka mahi ngā mea katoa i te wā kino o te rangi, i te pō rānei.
Ngā Ipu PV – Ngā Whanaketanga ā-Māui
Kei te whanake tonu ngā ipu PV. He maha ngā au e pā ana ki ngā auahatanga o muri mai:
- Ngā panera rā whai hua ake
- Ngā rarangi pākahiko LiFePO4 nui ake
- Ngā pūnaha whakahaere pūngao atamai ake
- Ngā tātaritanga pūnaha e whakahaerehia ana e te AI
- Tāutanga mono & tākaro
- Hototahi ki ngā whatunga iti
E ai ki ngā matapae a te umanga, ka nui ake te hiahia mō ngā tipu hiko o te rā pūkoro i roto i ngā umanga hanga, hōia, maina me te atawhai tangata i roto i te tekau tau e haere ake nei.
Nā te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau pūngao hou, ka nui ake te whai hua, ka iti ake, ka tere ake te tāuta i ngā ipu PV. Nā te kaha ki te whakarato hiko pono ki ngā wāhi katoa, koinei te mea e tino whai hua ai ēnei mea i ēnei rā.